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Guide to Search Engine Optimization

Building a professional looking website that represents your company or organization well is an important first step. After that you will want to concentrate on making it easy for your customers to easily find you- unfortunately a great looking site is not enough. There are many techniques that can be used to help search engines find your site.  The process of using these techniques is called Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and unfortunately it is a complex task.

Following is a list of factors that ConX-2-U has identified that are used by many search engines to rank the relevance of an article during a search. The bad news is there are many rules to consider, the good news is that by following the rules you will most likely not only be found, but you will content that your users actually enjoy more.

There are many search engines to choose from and to optimize for. The major sites are Google, Yahoo, Ask, AltaVista, and Live. Additional sites to consider are AllTheWeb, AOL, HotBot, LookSmart, et. al.

There are not only many search engines, but each search engine uses different rules to determine which websites are listed, and in what order they are listed in the search results. Knowing the rules can help you design a site that is more easily found- and to avoid the pitfalls that can get you on a search engine blacklist (search engines, like people, do not like poorly written, redundant, or useless content).

Before moving on it is important to understand the following maxim:

The less you steer your site towards Google the more Google will steer people to your site.

Why?  The fact is that Google has a lot of brilliant engineers whose focus is to help people find the information they want.  If you provide the information people want most, then odds are Google's hard working engineers will find it first. 

Google Ranking Factor Checklist

  1. Positive Page Related Rules/Factors
  2. Negative Page Related Rules/Factors

The below SEO Rules listed in the following pages are not listed by weight or by relevance.

The term "Keyword" refers to the "Keyword Phrase", which can be one word or more words.

 

Positive Page Related Rules/Factors

Rule / Factor

Brief Note

Keywords

The first rule is to know what keywords people are looking for and use those keywords throughout your website. ( For keyword selection try Google Ad Words - Google Trends ).

Keyword in Domain name

The use of hyphens counts.

Keyword in URL

First word is best, second is second best, etc.
You can use hyphenated filenames, but keep it to two or three hyphens only.

Keywords - Header

Keyword in Title tag

Title tag should be 10 - 60 characters, no special characters.

Keyword in Description Meta Tag

Provides theme for page. Keep to less than 200 chars.
Google no longer relies upon this tag, but will often use it as do other search engines.

Keyword in Keyword Meta Tag

Google may no longer use this tag, but others definitely do.
  • Shows theme - less than 10 words.
  • Every word in this tag MUST appear somewhere in the body text. If not, it can be penalized for irrelevance.
  • No single word should appear more than twice. If not, it may be considered spam.

Keywords - Body

Keyword Density in Body Text

5 - 20% - (all keywords divided by total words in article)*
Over use of a keyword can bring a negative result- just try to use the words in a natural way.

Individual keyword density

 

1 - 6% - (each keyword/ total words)

Keyword in H1, H2 and H3

Use Hx font style tags appropriately

Keyword
Font Size

 

Keyword Emphasis

Strong is treated the same as bold, italic is treated the same as emphasis.

Keyword Proximity (for 2+ keywords)

Use the words in a phrase, eg. directly adjacent is best.

Keyword Phrase Order

Does word order in the page match word order in the query?
Try to anticipate query, and match word order.

Keyword Prominence

Using the word in the early part of the article is better than in the middle or the end.

Keyword Stemming

 

Keyword Stemming is taking the stem of a word, and building additional words by adding a prefix or suffix and using pluralization:

Stem, stems, stemmed, stemmer, stemming, stemmist, stemification

Keyword in Alt Text

You should use the Alt Text tag to describe ALL graphics. This will help with normal searches, and definitely help with image searches!

Keyword in Links

 

NAVIGATION - INTERNAL LINKS

Keyword in Links

The filename linked to should contain the keywords.
Note: you should validate all links. Use a free link checker.

Efficient Tree Structure

Try for two clicks to any page - no page deeper than 4 clicks

Intra-Site Linking

Appropriate links between lower-level pages

NAVIGATION - OUTGOING LINKS

Quality Links

Link only to good sites. Do not link to link farms.

Outgoing link Anchor Text

Should be on topic, descriptive

Link stability over time

Avoid "Link Churn"

All External links valid?

 

Links can and do go bad which can then result in site demotion. Validate all links periodically.

Less than 100 links out total

Too many links can easily make your website look like a "link farm" which will result in a site demotion. A good rule of thumb for a typical company site is no more than 100 outgoing links. Larger sites can do with more links.

Other Rule / Factor

Domain Name Extension

.gov sites seem to be the highest status
.edu sites seem to be given a high status
.org sites seem to be given a high status
.com sites excel in encompassing all the spam/ crud sites, resulting in the need for the highest scrutiny/ action by the search engines.

File Size

Try not to exceed 100K page size. Better to have lots of smaller pages then a few large pages; however, use common sense and don't cut your pages up too small either.

Hyphens in URL

Use hyphens rather than a "_" or "." Limit hyphens to 1 or 2, too many hyphens can be bad.

Freshness of Pages

Search engines, like users, like fresh pages. So update your articles periodically- when it makes sense.

Freshness

Ratio of old pages to new pages. Having fresh content is good, old content does not hurt, a good ratio is best.

Frequency of Updates

Active websites are more attractive to some search engines.

URL length

It is always best to keep the URL length small, and hopefully easy to read (at least for human eyes). The less characters the best, but as a general rule never go over 100.

Other Rule / Factor

Site Size

Larger sites are presumed to be better funded, better organized, better constructed, and therefore better sites; however, search engines are also looking at content and they will avoid large "spam sites" that contain either computer generated, duplicate pages, or sites that contain copies of content found elsewhere.

Site Age

Even in the internet age, the older you get the more respect you are given.

Age of Page vs. Age of Site

Newer pages on an older site will get faster recognition.


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Negative Page Related Rules/Factors

Rule / Factor

Brief Note

Keyword Stuffing

Too much of a good thing.....

Keyword dilution

Targeting too many unrelated keywords on a page, which would detract from theming, and reduce the importance of your REALLY important keywords.

Graphics Only

This should be obvious, but no text = no keywords and is therefore invisible to search engines.

Affiliate Site

Google in particular went after cookie-cutter affiliate sites with a vengeance. These were sites that had massive inter-linking, and little unique content.

Link to a bad neighborhood

Don't link to "link farm"
Periodically you should double check your links to make sure they did not go bad (some failed company sites are taken over by link farms, or even adult sites that can then effect your ranking).

Automatic Redirect

Do not immediately send your visitor to another page using meta refresh.

Vile language - ethnic slur

Obvious, right? Actually in addition to the normal "bad" words you should also avoid bad phrases- even if the individual words are ok.

Cross Linking

If you have many sites with the same web host, linking them together can indicate that you are actually one entity, and therefore the links won't count the same as if it was from an external site. Cross linking is easy to spot, and to penalize.

Copyright violation

Stealing information from other websites is a great way of getting blacklisted.

Poor Consistency

Some search engines, most notably Google, uses multiple caches for their search engine. If a comparison between the two caches brings inconsistent results, like a completely different set of keywords, then this can effect your results.

Frequency of Content Change

Too frequent = bad

Use of Frames

In addition to just being a bad user experience frames can effect your search results too.

Robot exclusion "no index" tag

Intentional self-exclusion.

Slimy Techniques

Single Pixel Links

A red flag - one reason only - a sneaky link.

Invisible Text

 

This was extremely common back in the day for p0rn sites. Essentially the author makes the text the same color as the background so the viewer doesn't see it, but the search engine does. You might not get caught, but if you do it will hurt you.

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